A toddler who points at the right card has not yet learned the word. What studies of two- and three-year-olds say, and how to make flashcards stick.

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A toddler who points at the right card has not yet learned the word. What studies of two- and three-year-olds say, and how to make flashcards stick.

How many English words it takes to hold a conversation, read a novel, or reach C1 and C2, with figures from the vocabulary research.

Worried your accent will rub off? What research on young bilingual children says, and a first-words routine that does not rely on your English.

You look a word up, understand it, and a week later it is gone. Why that happens, and a review schedule that makes new vocabulary stay.

A word on your iPhone Lock Screen is seen dozens of times a day. What research on encounters, recall and spacing says that does, and what it cannot do.
